Numerical simulation of creep fracture evolution in fractured rock masses

The initiation, expansion, and penetration of microscopic cracks in rock is the macroscopic manifestation creep. This paper investigates mechanical creep characteristics fracture evolution processes masses with different angles, lengths, bridge dip angles. Single fractures, dual parallel groups are considered. approach comprises discrete element simulation based on continuum mechanics, utilizing continuous discontinuous software, GDEM. Single-fracture characterized by a progressive development mode dominated tensile shear failure. rate magnitude both increase according to length. With increasing inclination angle, decrease. degree rupture highest for fractures inclined at 30°. dual-fracture mass exhibits crack failure compressional Creep rates highest, effects most apparent angles 90°. If too long or short, stable stage prolonged, but acceleration intensifies due interaction between fracture-bounded masses. mode, this case, involves collective tension shear. number which accelerates deformation certain extent. However, when reaches threshold, relatively structure may become established, slowing down rate, especially during stage. study can provide theoretical basis reference investigating law engineering prevention control fractured geological disasters.